All posts by Keith Hamill

Phosphorus loads to Lake Rotorua

 What is the phosphorus load to Lake Rotorua and how much comes from human activity?

River Lake revised estimates of P loads to Lake Rotorua to account for groundwater catchment areas, geothermal inputs and long-term average loads.

This work contributed to the Science Review required by Plan Change 10 of the Bay of Plenty Regional Water and Land Plan (RWLP).

Read the report here:

Hamill KD 2018. Anthropogenic Phosphorus Load to Rotorua Review and Revision. Prepared for Bay of Plenty Regional Council by River Lake Ltd

Kaituna River Mixing Study

River Lake studied the mixing of diagonal drain pump station with the lower Kaituna River. We used Rhotomine dye WT to understand how well the pump station discharge mixed across the Kaituna River before the intake for the new diversion to Maketū Estuary.

The work was done for Bay of Plenty Regional Council rivers and drainage team.

Rhodamine WT dye entering the Kaituna River from the Diagonal Drain pump station, 2.3 km upstream from the river mouth (9 Nov 2017). Photo by Andy Belcher.
Lower Kaituna River facing towards Maketū Estuary. The borrow pits are visible on the true right of the river. At this location discharges from Diagonal Drain had mixed across 50% to 70% of the river, depending on the tide (9 November 2017). Photo by Andy Belcher.

Setting nutrient limits

Waituna Lagoon, Southland

Setting nutrient limits for complex ecosystems is challenging. We used multiple lines of evidence to set robust nutrient limits to safeguard the macrophyte community in Waituna Lagoon.

Read more in our paper on setting nutrient limits for lakes (click the link below).

Schallenberg et al 2017 Multiple lines of evidence determine robust nutrient load limits required to safeguard a threatened lake lagoon system

Water Quality Bottom Lines for Brackish Lakes and Coastal Lagoons


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Keith at River Lake coordinated an expert panel to develop possible attributes and thresholds relevant to the ecosystem health of Intermittently Closed and Open Lakes and Lagoons (ICOLLs) and brackish lakes.

The work was undertaken for Ministry for the Environment to support the National Objectives Framework (NOF) in the National Policy Statement for Freshwater Management (NPS-FM).

Read the report here.

Ecosystem Health Attributes for Brackish Lakes 2014.