Category Archives: Projects

Phosphorus loads to Lake Rotorua

 What is the phosphorus load to Lake Rotorua and how much comes from human activity?

River Lake revised estimates of P loads to Lake Rotorua to account for groundwater catchment areas, geothermal inputs and long-term average loads.

This work contributed to the Science Review required by Plan Change 10 of the Bay of Plenty Regional Water and Land Plan (RWLP).

Read the report here:

Hamill KD 2018. Anthropogenic Phosphorus Load to Rotorua Review and Revision. Prepared for Bay of Plenty Regional Council by River Lake Ltd

Kaituna River Mixing Study

River Lake studied the mixing of diagonal drain pump station with the lower Kaituna River. We used Rhotomine dye WT to understand how well the pump station discharge mixed across the Kaituna River before the intake for the new diversion to Maketū Estuary.

The work was done for Bay of Plenty Regional Council rivers and drainage team.

Rhodamine WT dye entering the Kaituna River from the Diagonal Drain pump station, 2.3 km upstream from the river mouth (9 Nov 2017). Photo by Andy Belcher.
Lower Kaituna River facing towards Maketū Estuary. The borrow pits are visible on the true right of the river. At this location discharges from Diagonal Drain had mixed across 50% to 70% of the river, depending on the tide (9 November 2017). Photo by Andy Belcher.

Kaituna River re-diversion

The Ongatoro/Maketū estuary is a shallow, inter-tidal estuary located north of Te Puke. In 1957 the Kaituna River was diverted directly to sea and the influence of the river on the estuary was dramatically reduced. This resulted in accelerated in-filling from the
flood tide delta, loss of mussel beds, loss of wetlands and sea grass, algal accumulations and changes in the benthic fauna. The project sought to re-divert more of the river back into the estuary to improve the ecology and mauri.

River Lake provided science and planning input for the application to re-divert the Kaituna River back to the Ongatoro/Maketū Estuary. Keith co-ordinated and led the science input related to water quality and ecology. He jointly prepared a gap analysis,  undertook investigations, prepared AEE reports relating to water quality and ecology and presented at the Consent Hearing and the the Environment Court.

Water quality and biota are strongly influenced by internal nutrient loads (e.g. sediments). An important part of the investigations was to quantify the likely internal loads compared to external loading predicted by the hydro-dynamic model. This involved measuring oxygen regimes and mapping algal accumulations.

View River Lakes Assessment of Effects for the Project here:  Kaituna Maketu current state aquatic

Waituna Lagoon Guidelines

River Lake contributed to the Lagoon Technical Group (LTG) and Catchment Technical Group (CTG) advising Southland Regional Council on interventions to protect and restore Waituna Lagoon.

Waituna Lagoon is a highly valued, large brackish coastal lagoon and a wetland of international importance (Ramsar site). Ruppia (seagrass) is a key stone species central to the ecological functioning, of the lagoon. It is threatened by nuisance filamentous algae, sedimentation, an an opening regime that can increase salinity when the seagrass is germinating.

Our work included:

  • Analysing water quality state and trends;
  • Assessing the risk of the lagoon ‘flipping’ to a dirty water state;
  • Contributing the the development of lagoon guidelines with quality targets for lagoon health, and  management options.

Find the report here: Waituna lagoon Guidelines

Setting nutrient limits

Waituna Lagoon, Southland

Setting nutrient limits for complex ecosystems is challenging. We used multiple lines of evidence to set robust nutrient limits to safeguard the macrophyte community in Waituna Lagoon.

Read more in our paper on setting nutrient limits for lakes (click the link below).

Schallenberg et al 2017 Multiple lines of evidence determine robust nutrient load limits required to safeguard a threatened lake lagoon system